Rockets are a technological marvel, but they are also a masterpiece of applied geometry. From their external shape to the distribution of their internal parts, every line, angle and curve is the result of precise calculations. Geometry allows rockets to be stable, aerodynamic and efficient, essential elements when it comes to crossing the Earth's atmosphere.
Although not all of us work at NASA, rockets are present in our visual culture: toys, films, museums, video games and even school costumes. Their shape is easily recognisable: a sturdy base, an elongated body, a sharp tip and side fins. And although it seems like an obvious design, in reality each part obeys carefully thought-out geometric reasons.
The key geometric elements of a rocket include:
- Cylindrical body: facilitates airflow around the rocket and allows for efficient fuel storage.
- Cone at the tip: reduces aerodynamic drag and directs airflow, following the principles of geometry of the body of revolution.
- Triangular fins: these provide stability during ascent. Their location and symmetry with respect to the central axis ensure that the rocket maintains its trajectory.
- Axes of symmetry: the design must be completely symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis to avoid deviations or uncontrolled rotations.
These shapes not only help the rocket move better, but also minimise energy consumption by optimising its passage through the atmosphere, where every second counts and every gram of weight makes a difference.
At the university Guidance Group, we designed and built a scale model cardboard rocket as part of our Open Day. The aim was to bring science and geometry to students and families in a fun and visual way.
Creation process:
- Geometric design: we started with an octagonal prism for the base and added an elongated cone at the top. Each side was a trapezoid or isosceles triangle.
- Functional decorative elements: the fins at the base were triangular, positioned symmetrically to maintain visual balance.
- Circular windows: we cut circles into the sides of the prism to represent hatches, applying circle geometry and visual proportion.
Here you can see the result before and after decoration:
This rocket was an excellent way to show how geometry is not only in books, but in our hands, creativity and everyday materials. An active, aesthetic and fun learning experience.
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